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Alloy Steel 4340, also referred to as AISI 4340, is a nickel, chromium, and molybdenum alloy steel. This heat-treatable alloy is known for its toughness and high strength in a heat-treated condition. It is weldable by both fusion and resistance welding and offers good ductility in the annealed condition.
Steel 4340 is a medium-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel alloy with excellent tensile strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance. Since the material usually comes in the annealed condition, additional heat treatments (oil quenching and tempering, or normalizing and tempering) can produce parts with even higher strength and fatigue resistance.
Furthermore, Steel 4340 is a wear-resistant material with especially good abrasion resistance, shock- and -impact resistance, and excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance. The alloy also possesses very good ductility, especially in the annealed condition, where it can be easily formed and machined.
Thanks primarily to its toughness, Steel 4340 finds use in heavy machinery, specifically for the manufacturing of transmission parts, such as heavy-duty shafts, gears, and axles.
| Property | Imperial | Metric |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68 °F to 212 °F (20 °C to 100 °C) oil-hardened; tempered @ 1100 °F (600 °C) | 6.83 [10-6/°F] | 12.3 [10-6/K] |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68 °F to 390 °F (20 °C to 200 °C) oil-hardened; tempered @ 1100 (600 °C) | 7.06 [in/in/°F·106] | 12.7 [10-6/K] |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 72 °F to 500 °F (22 °C to 260 °C) normalized & tempered | 7.0 [10-6/°F] | 12.6 [10-6/K] |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68 °F to 750 °F (20 °C to 400 °C) oil hardened; tempered @ 1100 (600 °C) | 7.61 [10-6/°F] | 13.7 [10-6/K] |
| Thermal Conductivity (@ 212 °F) (@ 100 °C) | 309 Btu/(hr/ft²/in/°F) | 44.5 [W/m-K] |
| Property | Imperial | Metric |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | 161000 psi | 1100 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 103000 psi | 710 MPa |
| Elongation at Break (in 4D) | 13.2 % | 13.2 % |
| Rockwell Hardness C | 35 | 35 |
| Rockwell Hardness B | 99 | 99 |
| Brinell Hardness | 321 | 321 |
| Knoop Hardness | 348 | 348 |
| Vickers Hardness | 339 | 339 |
| Reduction of Area | 36 % | 36 % |
| Machinability (annealed and cold-drawn condition) | 50 % | 50 % |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 29700 ksi | 205 |
| Shear Modulus | 11600 ksi | 80 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Bulk Modulus | 20300 ksi | 140 GPa |
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Liaocheng Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong Province, China
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